APPENDICULAR SKELETAL

 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SUMMER, 2002

PECTORAL GIRDLE (4)

A.       CLAVICLE (COLLARBONE) - long slender, double curve bone; lies horizontal in superior and anterior part of thorax, superior to rib 1

1.                 STERNAL EXTREMITY - medial end

2.                 ACROMIAL EXTREMITY - broad, flat lateral end; articulates with scapula
acromion (ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT)- shoulder separations here

B.      SCAPULAE (SHOULDER BLADES) - large triangular flat; dorsal part of thorax between 2- 7 ribs

1.                       SPINE- sharp ridge, diagonally across dorsal surface

2.                       ACROMION - flattened expanded process at end of spine

3.                       GLENOID CAVITY - depression inf. to acromion; articulates with head of
humerus; forms shoulder joint

4.           CORACOID PROCESS - projection of ant. surface at lateral end of sup.
border: muscles attach here

II     UPPER EXTREMETTES (60)

A.        HUMERUS (ARM) - articulates with scapula, distally with radius and ulna at
elbow

1.                   HEAD - proximal end, articulates with glenoid cavity

2.                   ANATOMICAL NECK - oblique groove distal to head

3.                   GREATER TUBERCLE - lateral projection distal to neck

4.         LESSER TUBERCLE - ant. projection distal to neck

5.                   CAPITULUM - rounded knob articulates with head of radius

6.         RADIAL FOSSA - depression receiving head of radius when flex forearm

7.                   TROCHLEA - pulley like surface; articulates with ulna

8.                   CORONOID FOSSA - ant. depression; receives part of ulna when flex
forearm

 

9.          OLECRANON FOSSA - post, depression receives olecranon of ulna when
one extends forearm

10.              MEDIAL EPICONDYLE - rough projection on either side of distal end

11.              LATERAL EPICONDYLE - rough projection on either side of distal end

B.        ULNA - medial bone of forearm

1.                   OLECRANON - proximal end; forms elbow prominence

2.         CORONOID PROCESS - ant. Projection; together with olecranon receives trochlea of humerus

3.                   RADLAL NOTCH - depression lateral and inf. to trochlear notch: receives
radius head

4.                   STYLOID PROCESS – post. side at distal end

C.       RADIUS - lateral bone of forearm

1.  HEAD - disc shaped; proximal end; articulates with capitulum of humerus
and radial notch of ulna

2.                 RADIAL TUBEROSITY - raised roughened area on medial side;
attachment for biceps muscle.

3.                 NECK - constricted area proximal to head

4.                 STYLOID PROCESS - lateral side of distal end

D.        CARPUS (WRIST) (8)

1.    CARPALS - united to each other by ligaments; 2 rows, 4 bones/row lateral to medial

a.     Proximal row – SCAPHOID, LUNATE, TRIQUETRUM,PISIFORM

b.     Distal row- TRAPEZIUM, TRAPEZOID, CAPITATE, HAMATE

E.        METACARPALS (5) - palm

1.   Base (Proximal)

2.                      Shaft

3.                      Head (Distal)

4.                      I - V from lateral (palm forward)

F.        PHALANGES (14)- finger bones; PHALANX - single bone of finger or toe

1.   Base (Proximal)

2.                      Shaft

3.                      Head (Distal)

4.      2 in 1st digit; 3 in remaining ones; proximal row, middle row, distal row

III     PELVIC GIRDLE (2) - consists of 2 COXAL (PELVIC/INNOMINATE/HIP BONES); stabilizes lower extremities

A.           PELVIS - sacrum, coccyx and 2 coxal bones

1. ILIUM - sup. portion

                     2.  PUBIS-inf. and ant. portion

                     3.  ISCHIUM-inf. and post. Portion

4.  ACETABULUM- deep lateral fossa where 1,2 &3 meet; socket for femur head

5.ILIAC CREST - sup. border of ilium

6.  ANT. SUP. ILIAC SPINE – where iliac crest ends ant.

 

7.                GREATER SCIATIC NOTCH – inf. to post. Sup. iliac spine

8.                OBTURATOR FORAMEN - where ramus and pubis of ischium join

IV   LOWER EXTREMITIES (60)

A.        FEMUR (THIGH) - largest, heaviest bone

1.  HEAD - proximal end; articulates with acetabulum of coxal bone

2.                 NECK - constricted region distal to head

3.                  GREATER/LESSER TROCHANTER - projection at proximal end;
attachment for buttock and thigh muscles

4.                  LINEA ASPERA - rough vertical ridge on post. surface of shaft; attachment
for thigh muscles

5.                  MEDIAL/LATERAL CONDYLE - expanded distal end; articulates with
tibia

B.        PATELLA (KNEECAP) - small triangular bone, ant. to knee joint; a SESAMOID BONE -develops in tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle

C.         TIBIA (SHINBONE) - large medial bone; bears most weight; articulates at proximal end with
femur and fibula, distally with fibula and talus of ankle

1.  LATERAL/MEDIAL CONDYLE- expanded proximal end; articulates with
femur condyles

2.                 TIBIAL TUBEROSITY - ant. surface at proximal end; attachment for

patellar ligament

3.     MEDIAL MALLEOULUS - medial surface at distal end; articulates with
talus bone - forms prominence on medial side of ankle

D.          FIBULA - parallel and lateral to tibia

1.  HEAD - proximal portion; articulates with inf. surface of lateral condyle of
tibia

2.                  LATERAL MALLEOLUS - distal end: articulates with talus bone; forms
prominence on lateral ankle surface

E.         TARSUS (ANKLE) - (7)
1.    TARSALS

a.     posterior portion: TALUS. CALCANEUS

b.     anterior portion: CUBOID, NAVICULAR, CUNEIFORM BONES (3)

F.         METATARSUS (5)

1.   Base (Proximal)

2.                      Shaft

3.                      Head (Distal)

4.                      I - V from medial to lateral

G.        PHALANGES (14)

1.   Base (Proximal)

2.                      Shaft

3.                      Head(Distal)

4.                      2 in 1st digit, 3 in remaining; proximal row, middle row, distal row